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PaLM 540B
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PaLM 540B is a closed-weights language model from Google, released April 2022. Its published size is 540.35B parameters. Licence: proprietary.
Catalogue identity notes
Google's original pre-trained PaLM 540B (Chowdhery et al., arXiv:2204.02311; Table 1: 540.35B parameters; 780B training tokens for 8B/540B, 795B for 62B). Not the 62B checkpoint trained to 1.3T tokens ('cont-PaLM'), not PaLM 2. Never released as weights or a public API. Comparison-only.
Model information sources
Score within the LMArena (text) comparison set only.
$ how it compares
The LLMs ranked either side of PaLM 540B, out of 877 with a score, then more from Google.
| # | model | score | where | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 532 | 47±2 | local | |||
| 533 | 47±1 | comparison only | |||
| 534 | 47±0 | never released | |||
| 535 | 47±2 | api $0.13/M +local | |||
| 536 | 47±1 | local | |||
| more from Google | |||||
| 11 | 80±1 | api $4.00/M | |||
| 26 | 76±1 | api $1.50/M | |||
| 34 | 75±1 | api $1.50/M | |||
$ what it's good at
coding█·█······█·█ #1 of 4 * · 2.5% of its score · 2 tests
math▁▂▃▆█▇▅▇▃▁▁▁ #256 of 523 · 21% of its score · 3 tests
Beats MiniMax-M2.1, DeepSeek V3 (Dec '24), GPT-4o (2024-08-06) here, though they rank higher overall. Trails Gemma 7B (base), Phi-2 (2.7B), Granite 8B Code Base (4K) here, though they rank lower overall.
other tests47 not in a task · 76% of its score
| test | result | vs the others in its run | counts |
|---|---|---|---|
| AQuA-RAT lab +1 | 35.8% ✎ | █▁·▁▁·····▃▁ beats 10/12 | 10% |
| SVAMP lab +1 | 79.0% ✎ | ▃▅█···▅·▃▃▃▅ beats 12/12 | 7.3% |
| CommonsenseQA lab +4 | 78.1% ✎ | █······▁·▁▁▃ beats 10/12 | 6.9% |
| ASDiv lab +1 | 73.9% ✎ | ▅▃▃▅··▃▃·▃▃█ beats 11/12 | 5.4% |
| BIG-Bench Hard lab +3 | 49.1% ✎ | ▂▂▂▂·▅·▃▂█▃▃ beats 12/18 | 4.6% |
| MMLU lab +2 | 71.3% ✎ | ▁···▁··▃▁▅▅█ beats 15/18 | 4.4% |
| MAWPS (CoT-paper union) lab | 93.3% ✎ | ▅▃█···▅·▃▃▃▅ beats 12/12 | 4.3% |
| ARC Challenge lab +3 | 85.2% ✎ | ▄▁▁▂▁▄█▇▃▂▃▂ beats 132/140 | 3.7% |
39 more tests
| test | result | vs the others in its run | counts |
|---|---|---|---|
| BIG-bench Sports Understanding lab | 80.5% ✎ | █·····▃·▁·▄▃ beats 12/12 | 2.4% |
| WinoGrande lab +3 | 80.1% ✎ | ▄····▄··▄·██ beats 6/6 | 2.4% |
| Natural Questions (closed book) lab +2 | 21.2% ✎ | ▂▁▁▁▂▄▄▃▅█▅▁ beats 43/68 | 1.9% |
| BIG-bench Date Understanding lab | 49.0% ✎ | ▃·▅·▅▃▅·▃▃·█ beats 11/12 | 1.7% |
| TriviaQA lab +2 | 76.9% ✎ | ▁▁▂▂▄▄▃▆▅█▅▂ beats 75/80 | 1.5% |
| MMLU-STEM (Minerva subset) lab | 58.7% ✎ | ▄······▄▄·▄█ beats 4/5 | 1.4% |
| BoolQ lab +2 | 88.0% ✎ | ▁····▁▂█▆▅▆▄ beats 97/103 | 1.4% |
| StrategyQA lab +3 | 68.6% ✎ | █·····▅▃▃▅▃█ beats 12/12 | 1.4% |
| MedQA USMLE 4-option (few-shot prompted) lab | 58.9% ✎ | ▄······▄▄▄·█ beats 4/5 | 1.3% |
| ANLI Round 1 (prompted) lab | 48.4% ✎ | █▁▃·▃·▄·▃··▃ beats 16/16 | 1.2% |
| MedMCQA (few-shot prompted) lab | 54.5% ✎ | ▄·····▄··█·█ beats 4/5 | 1.1% |
| HellaSwag lab +1 | 83.4% ✎ | ▁▁▁▂▂▂▄▆█▇▄▂ beats 121/135 | 1.0% |
| TyDiQA-GoldP (1-shot, EM, 8-language average) lab | 52.9% ✎ | ▂··▂·▂▄▄·███ beats 13/18 | 1.0% |
| COPA lab +2 | 93.0% ✎ | ▁·▁▁▁▅▅█▆▃▁▁ beats 60/67 | 0.8% |
| OpenBookQA lab +1 | 53.4% ✎ | ▅▁▁▁▂▂▃█▃▁▃▁ beats 82/107 | 0.8% |
| ARC Easy lab +3 | 95.3% ✎ | ▁▃▂▄▆█▅▃▁··▃ beats 100/100 | 0.7% |
| WiC (prompted) lab | 59.1% ✎ | █·▂▁······▁▃ beats 13/13 | 0.7% |
| ANLI Round 2 (prompted) lab | 44.2% ✎ | █▅▃▅▃▃▅▃█··▃ beats 16/16 | 0.6% |
| Story Cloze Test lab +2 | 84.6% ✎ | ▃▃▃▂▅█▅▃▁··▂ beats 44/50 | 0.6% |
| OCWCourses (Minerva) lab | 7.1% ✎ | ▄·····▄█··▄▄ beats 2/5 | 0.6% |
| PIQA lab +2 | 82.3% ✎ | ▁▁▁▂▂▃▅█▅▃▁▁ beats 108/123 | 0.5% |
| RTE (prompted) lab | 72.9% ✎ | ▅▃·▃··▅·▅▅▃█ beats 13/13 | 0.5% |
| AddSub lab | 91.9% ✎ | █·········██ beats 2/2 | 0.5% |
| LAMBADA (OpenAI version), last-word accuracy lab +1 | 77.9% ✎ | ▁·····▁▁▃▃██ beats 84/86 | 0.4% |
| MultiRC (SuperGLUE, prompted, F1a) lab | 83.5% ✎ | ▃·▃██···▅··▃ beats 10/10 | 0.4% |
| MultiArith lab | 94.7% ✎ | █·········██ beats 1/2 | 0.3% |
| PubMedQA (few-shot prompted) lab | 55.0% ✎ | ▄·······▄▄▄█ beats 1/5 | 0.3% |
| SQuAD 2.0 (prompted, F1) lab | 80.8% ✎ | ▃▃···▃▃█▃▃▃▃ beats 10/10 | 0.3% |
| ANLI Round 3 (prompted) lab | 45.7% ✎ | ▂·▆▂██·▄··▂▃ beats 16/16 | 0.3% |
| SuperGLUE WSC (prompted) lab | 89.1% ✎ | █··▁·▃·▄▂▁▅▃ beats 26/26 | 0.2% |
| Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC273) lab | 90.1% ✎ | █▃·▅▃▃█▅██▅▃ beats 21/21 | 0.2% |
| CoQA lab | 77.6% ✎ | ▂···▃▂▂·▆▅▂█ beats 16/17 | 0.2% |
| QuAC (prompted, F1) lab | 45.2% ✎ | ▅··▃▃█··▃▅·▃ beats 10/10 | 0.2% |
| RACE-middle lab | 68.1% ✎ | ▄▄····▄█·███ beats 10/10 | 0.2% |
| RACE-high lab | 49.1% ✎ | ▂▄·▂▂▂▂▂▆▄▂█ beats 17/17 | 0.2% |
| DROP lab | 69.4% ✎ | ▃▅█▅·▃·▆▄▂▁▃ beats 35/44 | 0.2% |
| ReCoRD (SuperGLUE, prompted) lab | 92.9% ✎ | ▄·▄···▄███▄▄ beats 10/10 | 0.1% |
| CommitmentBank (prompted) lab | 51.8% ✎ | ▂▃·▂█▂▂▃·▂·▂ beats 11/13 | 0.1% |
| WebQuestions (closed book) lab | 10.6% ✎ | ▅▅▃▅▃·▃▃▅█▅▃ beats 13/17 | 0.0% |
$ where to run it
No verified API or download recorded yet · add one
$ how the score was worked out · Chain-of-Thought Prompting El… 36%, PaLM: Scaling Language Modeli… 16%, Transcending Scaling Laws wit… 12% and 8 more
Each result implies a score on its own, after adjusting for how hard its test is and who ran it. The score is their weighted average, with a small pull toward the middle for thinly tested models. Each test's weight is its counts column above; here it's added up by who ran the tests. How it works
not counted (5)
| Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1\% Extra Compute — authors' own runs | GSM8K [correct] | 54.9% | the only model in this source's run of the test, so there is nothing to compare it with there; another run of the test counts |
| Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1\% Extra Compute — authors' own runs | BIG-Bench Hard [correct] | 44.8% | the only model in this source's run of the test, so there is nothing to compare it with there; another run of the test counts |
| Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1\% Extra Compute — authors' own runs | StrategyQA [correct] | 76.4% | the only model in this source's run of the test, so there is nothing to compare it with there; another run of the test counts |
| Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1\% Extra Compute — authors' own runs | CommonsenseQA [correct] | 76.9% | the only model in this source's run of the test, so there is nothing to compare it with there; another run of the test counts |
| Transcending Scaling Laws with 0.1\% Extra Compute — authors' own runs | MGSM [correct] | 45.9% | the only model in this source's run of the test, so there is nothing to compare it with there; another run of the test counts |
$ improve this page
Use a short GitHub form or edit the data through a pull request. Every number needs a source; here's which ones we can use.
data updated · sources and licences · json